#13- PAT METHENY

Patrick Bruce Metheny (born August 12, 1954 in Lee's Summit, Missouri) is an American jazz guitarist. He is the leader of the Pat Metheny Group and is also involved in duets, solo works, and other side projects.

Metheny was born and raised in Missouri. Following his graduation from Lee's Summit High School, he briefly attended the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida. (Metheny dropped out of the University of Miami in his first semester and was immediately offered a teaching position there.)

Metheny came onto the jazz scene quickly in 1975, at the age of 21, after joining Gary Burton's band and then recording a trio record with Jaco Pastorius called "Bright Size Life". Metheny's next recording, 1977's "Watercolors", featured pianist Lyle Mays. Metheny's next album formalized this partnership and began the Pat Metheny Group, featuring several songs co-written with Mays; the album was released as the self-titled "Pat Metheny Group" on the ECM record label. Pat Metheny also has released notable solo, trio, quartet and duet recordings with musicians such as Jim Hall, Dave Holland, Roy Haynes, Gary Burton, Chick Corea, Charlie Haden, John Scofield, Jack DeJohnette, Herbie Hancock, Bill Stewart, Ornette Coleman, Brad Mehldau, and many others.

Pat Metheny has also joined projects of all kinds both as a player and a writer, notably the record "Song X" with Ornette Coleman; "Parallel Realities"; and "Jazz Baltica", with Ulf Wakenius and other Nordic Jazz players and plays with some great female musicians such as Silje Nergaard on "Tell Me Where You're Going" (1990), "Noa on Noa" (1994) and Anna Maria Jopek on "Upojenie" (2002).

Pat Metheny has been touring for more than 30 years, averaging 120-240 concerts a year. Metheny has written over 200 pieces and continues to push musical limits in both his composition and performance.

Pat Metheny Group

The Pat Metheny Group is a jazz band founded in 1977. The first Pat Metheny Group release, 1978's "Pat Metheny Group", featured the writing duo of Pat Metheny and pianist Lyle Mays, a collaboration which would span over 25 years and 15 albums. The recording featured the bass playing of Jaco Pastorius's bass protégé Mark Egan.

The second group album, "American Garage" (1980), was a breakout hit, reaching #1 on the Billboard Jazz chart and crossing over onto the pop charts as well, largely on the strength of the up-tempo opening track "(Cross the) Heartland" which would become a signature tune for the group. This early incarnation of the group included Dan Gottlieb (drums) and Mark Egan (bass). The group built upon its success through constant touring across the USA and Europe. The early group featured a unique sound, particularly due to Metheny's Gibson ES-175 guitar and Mays' Oberheim synthesizer and Yamaha Organ. Even in this early state the band played in a wide range of styles from experimental to grassroots. Metheny later started working with the Roland GR300 guitar/synthesizer and the Synclavier System made by New England Digital. Mays expanded his setup with the Prophet V synthesizer made by Sequential Circuits, and later with many other synthesizers.

From 1982 to 1985 the Pat Metheny Group released "Offramp" (1982), a live set "Travels" (1983), and "First Circle" (1984), as well as "The Falcon and the Snowman" (1985), a soundtrack album for the movie of the same name in which they collaborated with David Bowie. "Offramp" marked the first appearance of bassist Steve Rodby (replacing Mark Egan) and Brazilian "guest artist" Nana Vasconcelos whose work on percussion and wordless vocals marked the first addition of Latin music shadings to the Group's sound, a trend which would continue and intensify on "First Circle" with the addition of Argentinian multi-instrumentalist Pedro Aznar, which also marked the group debut of drummer Paul Wertico (replacing Danny Gottlieb) - both Rodby and Wertico were members of the Fred Simon Group at the time, and had played in Simon-Bard as well, in Chicago, before joining Metheny. This period became a peak of commercial popularity of the band, especially for the live recording "Travels". "First Circle" would also be Metheny's last project with the ECM label; Metheny had been a key artist for ECM but left over conceptual disagreements with label founder Manfred Eicher.

Then next three Pat Metheny Group releases would be based around a further intensification of the Brazilian rhythms first heard in the early 1980s. Additional Latin musicians appear as guests, notably Brazilian percussion player Armando Marçal. "Still Life (Talking)" (1987) was the Group's first release on new label Geffen Records, and featured several popular tracks. The album's first tune, "Minuano (Six Eight)," represents a good example of the Pat Metheny group compositional style from this period: the track starts with a haunting minor section from "Mays", lifts off in a trademark Metheny jubilant major-key melody, leading to a metric and harmonically-modulated interlude creating suspense which is finally resolved in the original major theme. Another popular highlight was "Last Train Home", a rhythmically relentless piece evoking the American Midwest. The 1989 release "Letter from Home" continued this approach, even more relentlessly Latin, in its bossa and samba pieces. Metheny then again delved into adventurous solo and band projects, and four years went by before the release of the next record for the next Pat Metheny Group, a live set entitled "The Road to You", which featured tracks from the two Geffen studio albums amongst new tunes. The group integrated new instrumentation and technologies into its work, notably Mays' unique playing technique accomplished by adding midi-controlled synth sounds at command during acoustic solos via a pedal on the piano.

Mays and Metheny themselves refer to the following three Pat Metheny Group releases as the triptych: "We Live Here" (1995), "Quartet" (1996), and "Imaginary Day" (1997). Moving away from the Latin style which had dominated the releases of the previous 10 years, these albums were the most wide-ranging and least commercial Group releases, including experimentations with hip-hop drum loops, free-form improvisation on acoustic instruments, and symphonic signatures, blues and sonata schemes.

After another hiatus, the Pat Metheny Group re-emerged in 2002 with the release "Speaking of Now", another change in direction adding musicians to the band who are one generation younger and thus grew up with the Pat Metheny Group. The new members on the bandstand are the drummer Antonio Sanchez from Mexico City, trumpet player Cuong Vu and bassist, vocalist, guitarist, and percussionist Richard Bona from Cameroon.

The latest release, 2005's "The Way Up", is another large concept record which consists of one 68 minute-long piece (although split into four sections solely for CD navigation), a tightly organized, but not through-composed piece based on a pair of three-note kernels: The opening B, A#, F# and the derived B, A, F#. The reception of "The Way Up" was consistent, with standing ovations in each of the almost 90 concerts during the world tour 2005. On "The Way Up", harmonica player Grégoire Maret from Switzerland was introduced as a new group member, while Richard Bona contributed only as a guest musician. During the world tour Brazilian multi-instrumentalist Nando Lauria completed the line-up of the PMG. "The Way Up" was released through Nonesuch Records and all of Metheny's Geffen and Warner Brothers back catalogue is to be released on the label.

Core members of the group are leader and founder, guitarist Pat Metheny, Lyle Mays (piano, keyboards) and Steve Rodby (double and electric bass) who joined in 1980. Drummer Paul Wertico, replacing Dan Gottlieb in 1984, played with the group for more than 18 years, until he was replaced by Antonio Sanchez, currently also a member of The Pat Metheny Trio.

The current Pat Metheny Group members are Pat Metheny (guitars), Lyle Mays (piano and keyboards), Steve Rodby (double bass, electric bass), Antonio Sanchez (drums), Cuong Vu (trumpet). Other musicians that have been hired regularly for Metheny Group tours are: Mark Ledford (vocals, trumpet, guitar); David Blamires (vocals, miscellaneous instruments); Armando Marçal (percussion); Pedro Aznar (vocals, guitar, percussion); Richard Bona (vocals, guitar, bass & percussion). On the most recent tour to promote the record 'The Way Up', Grégoire Maret (harmonica, percussion, vocals) and Nando Lauria (guitar, percussion, vocals) joined the Group.

Pat Metheny has collected 17 Grammy Awards with, as part of The Pat Metheny Group, ten consecutive Grammys.

Side Projects
When working outside of the confines of the PMG, Metheny has shown different sides to his musical personality. Working with established jazz figures such as Ornette Coleman, Michael Brecker, Charlie Haden, Dave Holland, Christian McBride, David Sanchez and Roy Haynes, he has made records that have found favor with jazz critics that were disparaging of the "pastoral" or "light rock" aspects of his work with the PMG. Projects like the collaboration with Derek Bailey and Zero Tolerance for Silence have confounded critics who saw Metheny as following a path of increasing blandness with the PMG.

Guitar Contributions
Continuing the tradition of jazz guitarists borrowing tones and techniques from their rock counterparts, Metheny has made alterations to the jazz guitar tone palette.

Twelve-String Electric Guitar
Pat Martino had used the electric twelve-string guitar on a studio album, "Desperado", and John McLaughlin had famously used a double-neck electric guitar with the Mahavishnu Orchestra, but Metheny was a significant user of the twelve-string electric in jazz. (Ralph Towner had previously introduced the acoustic twelve-string to jazz.) Metheny unquestionably introduced alternate 12-string tunings to jazz; these can be heard on tunes such as "Sirabhorn" (from Bright Size Life) and "San Lorenzo" (from "Pat Metheny Group" and "Travels").

Six-String Electric Guitar
Metheny's tone, which has evolved over the years, involves using the natural full-frequency response of his hollow-body guitar, combined with high-midrange settings on his amplifier to create a smooth, sustaining lead sound that is virtually devoid of piercing treble yet is able to cut through a dense mix. By using digital signal processing that involves digital delay and reverb, he has created a big, rich, and resonant instrumental voice.

Guitar Synthesizer
Metheny was also one of the first jazz guitarists to make heavy use of the Roland GR300 Guitar Synthesizer. While John Abercrombie and Bill Frisell also used it heavily in the 1980s, Metheny is the only one of the three who still uses the instrument on a regular basis. Unlike many guitar synth users, Metheny limits himself to a very small number of sounds; in interviews, he has argued that each of the timbres achievable through guitar synthesis should be treated as a separate instrument, and that he has tried to master each of these "instruments" instead of using it for incidental color.

String Pikasso Guitar
One of the most unusual guitars that Metheny plays is the custom-made instrument Pikasso I, created by Canadian luthier Linda Manzer. It can be heard on "Into the Dream" and on the albums "Quartet", "Imaginary Day", "Jim Hall & Pat Metheny", and "Trio->Live". The guitar can also be seen on the "Speaking of Now Live" and "Imaginary Day" DVDs. Metheny has also used the guitar in his guest appearances on other artist's albums. Manzer has also made many acoustic guitars for Metheny, including a mini guitar, an acoustic sitar guitar, and also the baritone guitar, which Metheny used for the recording of "One Quiet Night".

Influences
As a guitarist, Metheny cites Wes Montgomery as his biggest early influence. His playing (as well as his tone) also show significant influence by Jim Hall, Kenny Burrell, Joe Pass, and other classic jazz players. Metheny has often been quoted saying that he is as likely to name non-guitarists as significant stylistic influences as fellow guitar players, giving as examples players like Clifford Brown and John Coltrane. He has paid significant attention to the evolution of guitar playing across genres, however, and is familiar with the playing of notables from the likes of rocker Eddie Van Halen to Windham Hill artist Leo Kottke.

In particular, he has been influenced by Brazilian music--both the European-influenced jazz sound of the bossa nova and the intensely polyrhythmic Afro-Brazilian sounds of the country's northeast. Metheny has lived in Brazil and performed with several local musicians such as Milton Nascimento and Toninho Horta.

Metheny has also named Ornette Coleman as a musical influence. He has recorded Coleman compositions on a number of his records (starting with a medley of "Round Trip" and "Broadway Blues" on his debut "Bright Size Life"); worked extensively with Coleman collaborators such as Charlie Haden, Dewey Redman, and Billy Higgins; and has even made a record, "Song X", with Coleman.

Pat Metheny on Kenny G
Metheny has been highly critical of smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G. A detailed analysis of Kenny G's playing and approach was offered by Metheny on his Web site in 2000, archived on Jazz Oasis.com. Drawing Metheny's extreme ire was Kenny G's overdubbing of a song by legendary jazz trumpeter Louis Armstrong which Metheny described as follows - "By disrespecting Louis, his legacy and by default, everyone who has ever tried to do something positive with improvised music and what it can be, Kenny G has created a new low point in modern culture - something that we all should be totally embarrassed about" - the full Q & A contains far more explicit commentary. English guitarist Richard Thompson followed Metheny's comment's by writing the song "I Agree With Pat Metheny, Kenny's Talents Are Too Teeny".

The Metheny Brothers
Pat took part in recording some of the CDs by his elder brother, Mike Metheny, a talented jazz musician and a trumpet player based in Kansas City, Missouri, among them "Day In - Night Out" (1986) and more recently "Close Enough for Love" (2001) displaying "liquid delicacy" of his magic guitar, in the words of Terry Teachout.

Source: Wikipedia

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